| Value | Election |
|---|---|
| $197,398 | 2017 Governor - Regular Primary |
| $6,750 | 2017 Governor - Regular General |
Transactions above represent a combination of "independent expenditure reports" seeking to influence elections in Virginia that were filed with the Virginia State Board of Elections and Federal Election Commission. By definition, "Independent Expenditures" are for communications that advocate for the election or defeat of a specific candidate without coordinating with a campaign.